Unix File Attributes - Quiz Explanation

The answers are indicated below, along with text that explains the correct answers.
 
1. You see a listing of all files (including hidden files) in the current directory, along with their permissions, owners, and groups by typing
Please select the best answer.
  A. ls –ldg followed by a directory name
  B. ls –alg
  C. ls –lg
  D. ls with no options
  The correct answer is B. The –a in the argument is necessary to see the “hidden” files whose names begin with a dot.

2. You learn the owner and group of a directory by typing
Please select the best answer.
  A. ls –ldg followed by a directory name
  B. ls –alg
  C. ls –lg
  D. ls with no options
  The correct answer is A.
Without the –d argument, the ls command would list the directory contents instead of the directory itself.

3. On what levels are access permissions assigned?
Please select the best answer.
  A. Owner, group, and user
  B. Owner, group, and everyone
  C. Everyone, user, and group
  D. Group, user, and administrator
  The correct answer is B.
However, these permissions may be interpreted differently for different types of files.